1,3-Dichlorobenzene jẹ omi ti ko ni awọ pẹlu õrùn gbigbona. Insoluble ninu omi, tiotuka ninu oti ati ether. Majele si ara eniyan, irritating si oju ati awọ ara. O jẹ flammable ati pe o le faragba chlorination, nitration, sulfonation, ati awọn aati hydrolysis. O ṣe atunṣe ni agbara pẹlu aluminiomu ati pe a lo ninu iṣelọpọ Organic.

1. Awọn ohun-ini: omi ti ko ni awọ pẹlu õrùn õrùn.
2. yo ojuami (℃): -24.8
3. Oju omi (℃): 173
4. Ojulumo iwuwo (omi = 1): 1,29
5. Ojulumo oru iwuwo (air = 1): 5.08
6. Titẹ oru ti o kun (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Ooru ti ijona (kJ / mol): -2952.9
8. Lominu ni otutu (℃): 415.3
9. Lominu ni titẹ (MPa): 4,86
10. Octanol / omi ipin olùsọdipúpọ: 3.53
11. Filasi ojuami (℃): 72
12. iginisonu otutu (℃): 647
13. Oke bugbamu ifilelẹ (%): 7,8
14. Isalẹ bugbamu iye (%): 1,8
15. Solubility: insoluble ninu omi, tiotuka ni ethanol ati ether, ati awọn iṣọrọ tiotuka ni acetone.
16. Iwo (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Aaye ina (ºC): 648
18. Ooru ti evaporation (KJ / mol, bp): 38.64
19. Ooru ti iṣeto (KJ / mol, 25ºC, omi): 20.47
20. Ooru ti ijona (KJ / mol, 25ºC, omi): 2957.72
21. Agbara ooru kan pato (KJ/ (kg · K), 0ºC, omi): 1.13
22. Solubility (%, omi, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. iwuwo ibatan (25℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Deede otutu refractive Ìwé (n25): 1.5434
25. Solubility paramita (J · cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Van der Waals agbegbe (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220× 109
27. Van der Waals iwọn didun (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Awọn ipele olomi boṣewa nperare ooru (enthalpy) (kJ · mol-1): -20.7
29. Liquid alakoso boṣewa gbona yo (J · mol-1 · K-1): 170,9
30. Awọn ipele gaasi boṣewa nperare ooru (enthalpy) (kJ · mol-1): 25,7
31. Standard entropy ti gaasi alakoso (J·mol-1 · K-1): 343.64
32. Standard free agbara ti Ibiyi ni gaasi alakoso (kJ · mol-1): 78.0
33. Gaasi alakoso boṣewa gbona yo (J·mol-1 · K-1): 113.90

Ọna ipamọ
Awọn iṣọra fun ibi ipamọ [Fipamọ sinu ile itaja ti o tutu, ti afẹfẹ. Jeki kuro lati ina ati ooru orisun. Jeki awọn eiyan ni wiwọ ni pipade. O yẹ ki o wa ni ipamọ lọtọ lati awọn oxidants, aluminiomu, ati awọn kemikali ti o jẹun, ki o si yago fun ibi ipamọ adalu. Ni ipese pẹlu orisirisi yẹ ati opoiye ti ina ẹrọ. Aaye ibi ipamọ yẹ ki o wa ni ipese pẹlu awọn ohun elo itọju pajawiri jijo ati awọn ohun elo ipamọ to dara.

Yanju ipinnu:

Awọn ọna igbaradi jẹ bi atẹle. Lilo chlorobenzene gẹgẹbi ohun elo aise fun chlorination siwaju, p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene ati m-dichlorobenzene ni a gba. Ọna Iyapa gbogbogbo nlo dichlorobenzene adalu fun distillation lemọlemọfún. Awọn para- ati meta-dichlorobenzene ti wa ni distilled lati oke ile-iṣọ, p-dichlorobenzene ti wa ni precipitated nipasẹ didi ati crystallization, ati awọn iya ọti oyinbo ti wa ni atunse lati gba meta-dichlorobenzene. O-dichlorobenzene jẹ filaṣi distilled ni ile-iṣọ filasi lati gba o-dichlorobenzene. Ni bayi, dichlorobenzene ti a dapọ gba ọna ti adsorption ati ipinya, ni lilo sieve molikula bi adsorbent, ati ipele gaasi adalu dichlorobenzene wọ ile-iṣọ adsorption, eyiti o le yan adsorb p-dichlorobenzene, ati omi to ku jẹ meta ati ortho dichlorobenzene. Atunse lati gba m-dichlorobenzene ati o-dichlorobenzene. Iwọn otutu adsorption jẹ 180-200 ° C, ati titẹ adsorption jẹ titẹ deede.

1. Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization ọna: Meta-phenylenediamine ti wa ni diazotized ni niwaju soda nitrite ati sulfuric acid, awọn diazotization otutu ni 0～5℃, ati awọn diazonium omi ti wa ni hydrolyzed niwaju cuprous kiloraidi lati gbe awọn intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Ọna Meta-chloroaniline: Lilo meta-chloroaniline bi ohun elo aise, diazotization ni a ṣe ni iwaju iṣuu soda nitrite ati hydrochloric acid, ati pe omi diazonium jẹ hydrolyzed ni iwaju chloride cuprous lati ṣe ipilẹṣẹ meta-dichlorobenzene.

Lara awọn ọna igbaradi pupọ ti o wa loke, ọna ti o dara julọ fun iṣelọpọ ati idiyele kekere ni ọna iyapa adsorption ti dichlorobenzene adalu. Awọn ohun elo iṣelọpọ tẹlẹ wa ni Ilu China fun iṣelọpọ.

Idi pataki:

1. Lo ni Organic kolaginni. Idahun Friedel-Crafts laarin m-dichlorobenzene ati chloroacetyl kiloraidi mu 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, eyiti a lo bi agbedemeji fun miconazole oogun antifungal ti o gbooro. Idahun chlorination ti wa ni ti gbe jade ni niwaju ferric kiloraidi tabi aluminiomu makiuri, o kun producing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Ni iwaju ayase, o jẹ hydrolyzed ni 550-850 ° C lati ṣe ina m-chlorophenol ati resorcinol. Lilo epo oxide bi ayase, o fesi pẹlu ogidi amonia ni 150-200°C labẹ titẹ lati se ina m-phenylenediamine.
2. Ti a lo ninu iṣelọpọ dye, awọn agbedemeji iṣelọpọ Organic ati awọn olomi.

Awọn alaye toxicological:

1. Majele ti o buruju: Asin intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg / kg, ko si awọn alaye ayafi fun iwọn lilo apaniyan;

2. Olona-iwọn lilo data majele ti: eku oral TDLo: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, ẹdọ-ẹdọ iwuwo iyipada, lapapọ nutrient metabolism, kalisiomu-enzyme inhibition, induced ayipada tabi ayipada ninu ẹjẹ tabi àsopọ ipele-phosphatase;

Rat oral TDLo: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, awọn iyipada endocrine, awọn iyipada ninu awọn paati ẹjẹ-ẹjẹ (gẹgẹbi awọn polyphenols tii, bilirubin, cholesterol), idinamọ biokemika-enzyme, inducing tabi iyipada ẹjẹ tabi awọn ipele àsopọ-dehydrogenation Enzyme iyipada

3. Awọn alaye mutagenicity: iyipada pupọ ati mitosis recombinationTEST eto: Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Idanwo Micronucleus IntraperitonealTEST eto: rodent-eku: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Majele ti jẹ kekere diẹ sii ju ti o-dichlorobenzene, ati pe o le gba nipasẹ awọ ara ati awọn membran mucous. Le fa ẹdọ ati kidinrin bibajẹ. Ifojusi ẹnu-ọna olfactory jẹ 0.2mg / L (didara omi).

5. Majele ti o buruju LD50: 1062mg / kg (aisan iṣọn-ẹjẹ); 1062mg/kg (aho inu eku)

6. Irritant Ko si alaye

7. Mutagenic gene transformation ati mitotic recombination: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Idanwo Micronucleus: iṣakoso intraperitoneal ti 175mg/kg (24h) ninu awọn eku

8. Atunyẹwo carcinogenicity IARC carcinogenicity: Ẹgbẹ 3, ẹri ti o wa tẹlẹ ko le ṣe iyasọtọ carcinogenicity eniyan.